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The Human Microbiome Project which has sought to characterise the nature of the microbial community in healthy individuals is in many ways confirming concepts which had previously been gaining ground and needed supporting evidence. These include the understanding that individual variation in microfloral patterns appear to be dictated by diet, ethnic origin, and early colonisation patterns. Nevertheless, patterns of populations show many aspects of consistency across all individuals.

These findings are consistent with increasing awareness, that the microbiota has profound effects on both health as well as potential to directly cause, or increase risk of disease.